https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:16955 Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:56:09 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19512 5% contribution from protons, identified by Lyman-alpha intensity, were excluded from the analysis. The Birkeland currents were derived with a spatial resolution of 3° in latitude and 2 h in local time. For southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the electron precipitation occurred primarily within and near large-scale upward currents. The correspondence was less evident for northward IMF, presumably because the spatial variability is large compared to the areas of interest so that the number of events identified is smaller and the derived statistical distributions are less reliable. At dusk, the correlation between upward current and precipitation was especially high, where a larger fraction of the electron precipitation is accelerated downward by a field-aligned potential difference. Unaccelerated electron precipitation dominated in the morning sector, presumably induced by scattering of eastward-drifting energetic electrons into the loss cone through interaction with whistler-mode waves (diffuse precipitation) rather than by field-aligned acceleration. In the upward Region 1 on the dayside, where the electron precipitation is almost exclusively due to field-aligned acceleration, a quadratic relationship between current density and electron energy flux was observed, implying a linear current-voltage relationship in this region. Current density and electron energy flux in the regions of the large-scale upward currents from pre-midnight through dawn to noon are essentially uncorrelated, consistent with diffuse electron precipitation dominating the incident energy flux.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:53:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:3306 Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:13:10 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29656 Wed 11 Apr 2018 11:45:46 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41432 Wed 03 Aug 2022 14:19:25 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31496 I_Total, and the distribution of radial current density, Jr, for all models are compared with AMPERE results. While the total currents are well correlated, the quantitative agreement varies considerably. The J_r distributions reveal discrepancies between the models and observations related to the latitude distribution, morphologies, and lack of nightside current systems in the models. The results motivate enhancing the simulations first by increasing the simulation resolution and then by examining the relative merits of implementing more sophisticated ionospheric conductance models, including ionospheric outflows or other omitted physical processes. Some aspects of the system, including substorm timing and location, may remain challenging to simulate, implying a continuing need for real-time specification.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:43:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:5942 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:48:25 AEDT ]]>